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Groundwater Nitrate & Trace Elements in Coastal Bangladesh. Assessment of Spatiotemporal Distribution of Nitrate and Trace Elements Concentration of Groundwater in Costal Districts of Bangladesh. Groundwater is typically the more accessible option when no feasible alternatives that can supply drinking water to at least 50% of the world’s population.
To meet basic daily water needs, about 2.5 billion people rely only on groundwater resources. In developing countries 80% of all illnesses are related to unsafe drinking water (UN report, 2003). According to the U.N. World Water Development Report 2022, 97% people in Bangladesh rely on groundwater for daily activity and drinking purposes which ranks it sixth in the world for the largest estimated annual groundwater extraction.
Bangladesh is extremely vulnerable to the expected effects of climate change due to its low-lying topography and geographic location; among these, the water sector is the most sensitive and vulnerable, and the coastal regions are most at risk. Freshwater scarcity has become severe issue in Bangladesh’s coastal regions due to human activity and seawater intrusion affecting the region’s groundwater and surface water.
| Report Title : | Groundwater Nitrate & Trace Elements in Coastal Bangladesh. |
| University Name : | Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP) |
| Submitted To : | Md. Golam Muktadir |
| Submitted By : | Fairose Tasnim |
| Total Page : | 80 |
Often groundwater gets contaminated due to natural geological phenomenon like ore formation, weathering of rocks and leaching etc. but the anthropogenic activities like mismanagement in waste dumping, fertilizer from agricultural land, industrial effluent discharge also elevate contamination in groundwater.
Outline of the Thesis:
This outline of the thesis is included—
One: Introduction–Background of the Study, Problem Statement, Research Gap, Rational of the Study, Research Question, Research Objectives, 1. Broad / General Objective, 2. Specific Objectives, Limitations of the Study, Definitions of Terms Used in Thesis, Outline of the Thesis.
Two: Literature Review– Review on Various Trace Elements.
Three: Methodology–Study Area, Description about Coastal Region of Bangladesh, Coastal Biodiversity, Climate & Hazards, Hydrogeological Setting of Coastal Region, Bangladesh, Sample Collection & Analysis, Multivariate statistical Analysis, Health Risk Assessment.
Four: Result and Discussion–Present status of Physicochemical parameters in groundwater, Trace Elements’ Concentrations, Depth wise distribution of trace elements, District wise distribution of Trace Elements, Spatial Distribution Maps of Different seasons, Source Apportionment of Pollution Human Health Risk Assessment, Chronic Risk, Carcinogenic Risk.
Five: Conclusions & Recommendations–Conclusion & Recommendation.
Research Question:
- Do the concentration of As, Fe, Mn, NO3 – and Cr exceed the permissible limit in coastal districts of Bangladesh in recent years?
- Are there any relationship between depth and trace element’s (As, Fe, Mn, NO3 – and Cr) concentration in coastal region of Bangladesh?
- Which group of people are at more risk due to contamination of trace elements (As, Fe, Mn, NO3 – and Cr) in coastal region of Bangladesh?
Research Objectives:
Broad / General Objective:
The general objective of this study is to assess the distribution of trace elements’ concentration (As, Fe, Mn, NO3 – and Cr) on two different seasons (wet & dry season) at shallow and deep tube wells with associated health risks on all over the 19 coastal districts of Bangladesh.
Specific Objectives:
- To show distribution of trace elements’ concentration on both dry and wet season along with depth.
- To understand the correlation between trace elements using statistical approaches.
- To evaluate the non-carcinogenic human health risks and carcinogenic toxicity assessment from trace elements in ground water to local residents.
Limitations of the Study:
- In this study, seasonal variation has been shown but for data were collected during only one wet season and only one dry season.
- For getting significant insights on season variation data from more years of wet and dry season could be used. For calculation purpose, data were needed to round up which may have some impact on statistical analysis.
Conclusion:
From the overall study it is clear that elements that can be found mostly on sediments of earth’s crust (As, Fe, Mn) was very high in ground water and they may have impact on causing health risks on coastal population. Therefore, it is suggested to focus on vulnerability that coastal ground water poses and conduct more research on this. As a huge number of populations rely on ground water for drinking purposes, the ways to provide them safe water sources for drinking and daily usage should be a great concern and the government and other agencies should take proper initiatives on it.
