Outline of the Study

Introduction Part

Background of the study, Problem statement, Rationale of the study, Research Questions, Research Hypothesis, Objectives of the study, Limitations of the Study, Explanation of Important Terms Used, Outline of the thesis.  

Literature review Part

Review of existing literature, Research Gap Analysis.

Methods and Methodology Part

Research Design, Study Area Location, Sample Collection Procedures, Steps of Sample Preparation, Drying, Sieving,  3.4.3 Grinding, Weighing, Preparation of Sample for HPGe Detector, Setup of the experiment, High Purity Germanium detector (HPGe), Standard Gamma Ray sources, Detector Parameters Calibration,  HPGe Detector Efficiency Calibration,  Lower Limit of Detection (LLD) of Radionuclides, Gamma Ray Detection, Preparation of sample for INAA, Experimental setup for INAA, Application of INAA, Irradiation, Counting, Concentration Calculation, Accuracy and Precisions, Secondary data sources.

Analysis Part

Various Radiological and Environmental Indicators, Raeq or Radium equivalent activity, External hazard index (Hex) and Internal hazard index (Hin), Absorbed dose rate (D), Eaed or Annual effective dose rate, Gamma representative level index (Iγ), Activity utilization index (AUI), Excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR),  Statistical analysis.

Result and Discussion Part

Statistical analysis result of occurrence and NORMs distribution, Radiological Risk , Policy Implications

Conclusion & References Part

Research Questions

• Taking into account the research challenges and important gaps in previous studies, the following primary research questions are expressed.
• What are the natural radionuclide attentiveness in the Dharla River sediment?
• What is the concentration of elements in the Dharla River basin?
• How are the natural radioactivity levels and study metal distributions distributed geographically in the Dharla River sediments described?
• Based on radiation health hazard indices (ELCR), what health hazards do locals and tourists have from naturally occurring radionuclides (such as 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra)?
• What may be deduced about the degree of contamination and pollution in the Dharla River from an evaluation of elemental abundances?

Objectives of the study

• In order to determine the Tran’s boundary river Dharla’s inclination or declination with respect to other rivers, the main goal of this study is to influence the concentration of naturally occurring radioactive materials, such as 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K. The objectives of the study are as follows.
• To observe baseline data on radionuclides found in the Dharla River naturally.
• To determine the chemical composition of the Dharla riverbed sediment samples that are collected by INAA.
• To investigate the distribution of naturally occurring radioactivity in the sediments of the Dharla River.
• To evaluate the radiation health hazard status and the degree of contamination and assess the health risks posed by naturally occurring radiation.
• To assess the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and the radiation-related health hazards indexes in the assigned study region and understand their reaction on human health.

Key Analytical Highlights of the Dharla River Radionuclide Study.

The main analytical highlights of the radionuclide study of the Dharla River

1. Radionuclide Concentration in Sediments

• Naturally present radionuclides such as 226ra (radium-226), 232th (Thorium-232), and 40k (potassium-40) are noticed.
• Poly samples are collected in various places of the river Dharla.
• The correct concentration of the radionuclides is determined using high-pure Germanium detectors and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA).
• The results have shown that radio Activity is different in different parts of the river, which reflects the natural geographical diversity and the effect of human activities.

2. Spatial distribution and map

• Radionuclides are shown geographically on the map, so that high levels of radio Activity areas can be identified.
• These distribution patterns are related to the geographical structure, the elements of the poly and the activities of the people along the river bank.
• Maps provide important ideas for environmental monitoring or repair.

3. Radiological risk assessment

Different criteria have been used to evaluate health risk due to radioactivity in poly:

• Radium equivalent activity (RAEQ): 226ra, 232th, 40k’s activity determines the risk index by combining the activity of 40k.
• Index of External and Internal Risk: Determines the risk of radiation exposure to people.
• Absorbed dose Rate (D): The level of absorption of gamma radiation per hour in the environment.
• Annual Dose (EAED): Estimate of human annual radiation exposure due to river sail.
• Gamma Representative Index: Determining the risk of gamma radiation in general.

Generally, The results have shown that most values ​​are within the safe range, but in some places slightly high levels have been shown, which indicates the need for observation.

4. Health risk Implications

• Access Lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) has been calculated, so that local and river users can evaluate long -term health risks.
• Studies have shown that children, elderly and regular river users may be at high risk in high levels of radionuclide areas.
• The results provide important information for public health policies and environmental rules.

5. Entertainment and Policy Insights

• The research provides foundation information for monitoring the future environment of the Dharla River.
• Authorities can plan river management and poly control by identifying the radioactive hotspot.
• The study highlights the importance of interaction of natural and human-made elements.
• It is a necessary reference for environmental scientists, geologists and policy makers in Bangladesh.

6. Relevance for Students and Researchers

• This study shows the use of HPGE detectors and INAA and provides the structure of radiological risk evaluation and statistics analysis in poly study.
• It serves as a functional case study for water ecosystem management, environmental monitoring, and health risk assessment.

Conclusion

Generally, the results point to a complex interaction between human and natural variables influence the distribution of radionuclides in the dregs of the Dharla River. The instructions provided here is extraordinarily helpful in managing and monitoring the environment, as it helps to define the possible concerns related to radioactivity in this aquatic ecosystem. Still more investigation and monitoring are needed to provide a more thorough evaluation of the future implications of human activity on the radiological profile of the river.